GLOSSARY · 66

Glossary

Common business and digital terms in plain words, linked to lessons and tools.

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Average order value (AOV) · ยอดเฉลี่ยต่อออเดอร์ (AOV): Total sales ÷ number of orders; raise it with bundles and free-shipping thresholds; Learn more: Selling online at a real profit
Billable hours · ชั่วโมงที่เก็บเงินได้: Hours you can actually charge for, excluding sales, admin and meetings; Learn more: Freelancing like a pro Try it →
Break-even point · จุดคุ้มทุน: The sales volume where revenue equals total cost; profit starts beyond it; Learn more: Making your own digital products Try it →
Broadcast message · บรอดแคสต์: A message sent to many followers at once; too often gets you blocked; Learn more: LINE OA and chat marketing
Cash flow · กระแสเงินสด: Money actually flowing in and out; paper profit can coexist with negative cash; Learn more: Money and tax basics for small businesses
Consent · ความยินยอม: The data subject's clear, withdrawable agreement to a stated use; Learn more: Privacy and trust
Conversion rate · อัตราการเปลี่ยนเป็นลูกค้า (conversion): Share of people who take the desired action, e.g. 12 of 100 chats buy = 12%; Learn more: LINE OA and chat marketing
Cost of goods sold (COGS) · ต้นทุนสินค้าขาย (COGS): The cost of the goods actually sold, including inbound shipping and attached packaging; Learn more: Selling online at a real profit
Customer acquisition cost (CAC) · ต้นทุนหาลูกค้าใหม่ (CAC): Total marketing and sales spend ÷ new customers gained; Learn more: LINE OA and chat marketing Try it →
Customer lifetime value (LTV) · มูลค่าลูกค้าตลอดอายุ (LTV): Expected profit from one customer over their buying life; Learn more: LINE OA and chat marketing Try it →
Customer relationship management (CRM) · CRM ระบบดูแลลูกค้า: Where you keep customers, their status and the next follow-up date; Learn more: Back office with spreadsheets
Customer segment · การแบ่งกลุ่มลูกค้า: Grouping customers by behaviour (new, loyal, lapsed) for better-matched messages; Learn more: LINE OA and chat marketing
Data controller · ผู้ควบคุมข้อมูล: Whoever decides why and how personal data is used — a shop for its customers' data; Learn more: Privacy and trust
Data processor · ผู้ประมวลผลข้อมูล: Someone processing data on the controller's instructions, e.g. cloud or courier; Learn more: Privacy and trust
Deposit · มัดจำ: An upfront payment before work starts, reducing cancellation risk; Learn more: Freelancing like a pro
Depreciation · ค่าเสื่อมราคา: Spreading the cost of a multi-year asset as a yearly expense; Try it →
Effective interest rate (EIR) · ดอกเบี้ยที่แท้จริงต่อปี (EIR): The rate on the actual remaining balance; the fair way to compare loans; Learn more: Money and tax basics for small businesses Try it →
First in, first out (FIFO) · เข้าก่อนออกก่อน (FIFO): Use or sell the oldest stock first to reduce spoilage; Learn more: Food and drink shops
Fixed cost · ต้นทุนคงที่: Costs that stay the same regardless of sales, e.g. rent and salaries; Learn more: Selling online at a real profit Try it →
Flat interest rate · ดอกเบี้ยแบบ flat: Interest on the original principal for the whole term, so the real rate is higher; Learn more: Money and tax basics for small businesses Try it →
Food cost percentage · สัดส่วนต้นทุนอาหาร (food cost %): Ingredient cost per dish ÷ menu price × 100; Learn more: Food and drink shops Try it →
Funnel · เส้นทางสู่การซื้อ (funnel): The stages from awareness → interest → trial → purchase → repeat; Learn more: Making your own digital products
Gross margin · อัตรากำไรขั้นต้น: (Revenue − COGS) ÷ revenue: what each baht of sales keeps before operating costs; Learn more: Selling online at a real profit
Hallucination · AI แต่งเรื่อง (hallucination): When AI confidently states something untrue; Learn more: Using AI at work, safely
Inflation · เงินเฟ้อ: Prices rise overall, so the same money buys less; Try it →
Invoice · ใบแจ้งหนี้: A request for payment with amount and due date; Learn more: Back office with spreadsheets
Large language model (LLM) · โมเดลภาษาขนาดใหญ่ (LLM): An AI model trained on lots of text that generates text from instructions; Learn more: Using AI at work, safely
Lawful basis · ฐานทางกฎหมาย: A legally recognised reason to process data, e.g. contract, consent, legal duty; Learn more: Privacy and trust
Lead magnet · ของฟรีที่ดึงคนสนใจ (lead magnet): A useful freebie (checklist, tool) that earns attention and contact; Learn more: Making your own digital products
Lead time · ระยะเวลารอของ: Days from ordering until stock is ready to sell; Learn more: Back office with spreadsheets
Local AI · Local AI: AI running on your own hardware, so data never leaves it; Learn more: Using AI at work, safely
Margin · Margin (กำไรต่อราคาขาย): Profit ÷ price — price 130, profit 30 ≈ 23% margin; Learn more: Selling online at a real profit Try it →
Markup · Markup (บวกเพิ่มจากทุน): Profit ÷ cost — cost 100, price 130 = 30% markup; Learn more: Selling online at a real profit Try it →
Menu engineering · การจัดเมนูตามกำไร: Grouping dishes by popularity and profit to promote, fix or cut; Learn more: Food and drink shops
Milestone · งวดงาน (milestone): An interim delivery tied to a payment instalment; Learn more: Freelancing like a pro
Minimum viable product (MVP) · สินค้าขั้นต่ำที่ใช้ได้ (MVP): The smallest version that truly solves the core problem, to test before investing more; Learn more: Making your own digital products
Net profit · กำไรสุทธิ: What is left after all costs and expenses, including tax; Learn more: Selling online at a real profit Try it →
Non-disclosure agreement (NDA) · สัญญารักษาความลับ (NDA): An agreement not to disclose information received during the work; Learn more: Freelancing like a pro
Payback period · ระยะเวลาคืนทุน: How long until returns equal the money invested; Try it →
PDPA (Thai Personal Data Protection Act) · PDPA (กฎหมายคุ้มครองข้อมูลส่วนบุคคล): Thailand's 2019 act setting duties for anyone handling identifiable personal data; Learn more: Privacy and trust
Phishing · ฟิชชิง: Tricking people into clicking links or giving codes by posing as a trusted body; Learn more: Privacy and trust
Prompt · คำสั่ง (prompt): What you tell the AI; clearer role, task, context and format give better output; Learn more: Using AI at work, safely
PromptPay · พร้อมเพย์ (PromptPay): Thailand's transfer system using phone/ID numbers and a standard QR; Learn more: Freelancing like a pro Try it →
Quotation · ใบเสนอราคา: Proposed items, prices, terms and validity date before the client agrees; Learn more: Back office with spreadsheets
Receipt · ใบเสร็จรับเงิน: Proof that the seller received payment; Learn more: Back office with spreadsheets
Refund policy · นโยบายคืนเงิน: Published terms for exchanges, returns and refunds before purchase; Learn more: Privacy and trust
Reorder point · จุดสั่งซื้อซ้ำ: Stock level to reorder at = daily sales × lead time + safety stock; Learn more: Back office with spreadsheets Try it →
Repeat purchase rate · อัตราการซื้อซ้ำ: Share of customers who buy more than once; Learn more: LINE OA and chat marketing
Return on investment (ROI) · ROI ผลตอบแทนการลงทุน: (Gain − investment) ÷ investment, to compare options; Try it →
Rich menu (LINE) · ริชเมนู (LINE): The large button menu under a LINE OA chat for common questions; Learn more: LINE OA and chat marketing
Runway · เงินสดอยู่ได้กี่เดือน (runway): Cash ÷ monthly spend = months you survive if revenue stops; Learn more: Money and tax basics for small businesses Try it →
Safety stock · สต็อกกันชน: A buffer for unusually high sales or late deliveries; Learn more: Back office with spreadsheets
Scope creep · ขอบเขตงานบวม (scope creep): Work quietly growing without an agreed price change; Learn more: Freelancing like a pro
Search engine optimisation (SEO) · SEO: Making content findable in search by answering real queries best; Learn more: Making your own digital products
Social proof · หลักฐานทางสังคม: Real reviews, results and user counts that reassure newcomers; Learn more: Privacy and trust
Stock keeping unit (SKU) · รหัสสินค้า (SKU): A unique code per product variant, used instead of names to link data; Learn more: Back office with spreadsheets
Tax invoice · ใบกำกับภาษี: A document VAT-registered sellers issue, with legally required details; Learn more: Money and tax basics for small businesses
Token (AI) · โทเคน (AI): The unit of text a model processes; used for length limits and pricing; Learn more: Using AI at work, safely
Two-factor authentication (2FA) · ยืนยันตัวตนสองชั้น (2FA): Password plus a second factor (app or one-time code) to sign in; Learn more: Privacy and trust
Validation · การทดสอบความต้องการ: Proving with real behaviour that people want it and will pay, before full build; Learn more: Making your own digital products
Value added tax (VAT) · ภาษีมูลค่าเพิ่ม (VAT): Tax added to prices; registered businesses collect it and remit the difference after input tax; Learn more: Money and tax basics for small businesses Try it →
Value ladder · บันไดคุณค่า: Offers from free to full service so each customer picks their level; Learn more: Making your own digital products
Variable cost · ต้นทุนผันแปร: Costs that grow with each sale, e.g. goods, fees, shipping; Learn more: Selling online at a real profit
Volumetric weight · น้ำหนักตามปริมาตร: Weight charged from box size (L × W × H ÷ divisor); carriers bill the larger of real and volumetric; Learn more: Selling online at a real profit Try it →
Withholding tax · ภาษีหัก ณ ที่จ่าย: The payer withholds part of the payment as the payee's tax; the payee credits it when filing; Learn more: Money and tax basics for small businesses Try it →
Yield · % ใช้ได้จริง (yield): Share of an ingredient still usable after trimming, washing, cooking; Learn more: Food and drink shops